A Spatial Modelling Framework for Income Estimation

Abstract

The main aim of this paper is to provide a spatial modelling framework for income estimation through the application of a contemporary spatial analysis technique. The application refers to the modelling of mean recorded household income in the area covered by the postcodes of the municipality of Athens in 2001. The main findings suggest that there is a very strong relationship between the proportion of people with a postgraduate qualification (namely, a Master's degree or PhD) and mean household income. Furthermore, there is evidence that this relationship is not stationary across space. This finding allows a better understanding as well as modelling of the main determinants of income in Athens.     

京津冀地区差距与市场规模

基于新经济地理学的分析框架,应用1985-2006年面板数据,对造成京津冀地区差距的影响因素进行了实证研究,结果表明:京津冀地区差距的主要原因在于市场规模的差异,投资和人力资本对于地区差距也有重要影响,而对外开放度和区域内贸易自由度影响不显著。实现京津冀地区的协调发展,国家应在政策、技术、资金、管理等多方面进行鼓励与支持。     

关于设备状态检修在供电企业中的应用探讨

状态检修是按照设备的实际运行状态来安排检修时间和检修项目。本文根据目前网络结构比较合理,技术监测手段的比较先进,数据管理系统比较完善的情况,明确提出状态检修是一种科学的、先进的检修方法。     

信息化中会计信息安全问题研究

在信息社会中,会计信息化已经成为会计发展的必然趋势,而阻碍会计信息化实施的一个重要问题就是信息安全问题,因此,根据信息化下影响会计信息安全的自动化、机械化、无纸化等新特点,提出了对会计信息进行事前、事中、事后三方面的控制,并且对网络会计信息的安全提出了控制方法,从而保证会计信息化的顺利进行。     

要素空间优化、宏观经济增长与物价稳定

确保经济长期平稳增长和物价持续稳定往往是传统财政政策和货币政策难以兼顾的预期目标.经济事实,尤其是最近一年"过山车"式的国内外经济形势告诉人们,高通货膨胀压力与高经济增长、通货紧缩威胁与经济衰落总是如影随形.经济一旦衰落就很难恢复,高通胀预期一旦形成,就很难使其下降.由此形成了系列"两难"困境,并使宏观调控趋于无效或低效.为摆脱这种困境,文章从空间视角下提出空问优化理论.研究发现,在空间优化理论指导下,运用空间优化政策能解决这种"两难"问题.这将为宏观调控在运用财政政策和货币政策解决实际经济问题时,提供了崭新的政策选择.     

Efficiency of the Banking Industry Structure in Korea*

This paper analyzes whether the efficiency of the Korean banking industry has improved since the bank restructuring in 1997, and whether a bank with high efficiency has a larger market share. This paper uses an efficient structure hypothesis model to examine the relationship between the banks' efficiencies and their profitability. The data envelopment analysis method is applied to measure the efficiency and profitability of the banking industry in order to minimize possible bias due to the inflow of public funds for the bank consolidation. The two‐step Heckman selection method is used to correct for survivorship bias in the model. The derived result indicates that banks with higher efficiencies tend to record higher profit. Moreover, higher pure technological efficiency and scale efficiency have a positive effect on a bank's market share and concentration.     

Testing for profitability and contestability in banking: evidence from Austria

The paper investigates the determinants of banking profitability and banking market conditions in Austria. We conduct a panel econometric analysis which allows for testing the hypotheses which have become the most prominent in the literature on bank profitability: the structure–conduct–performance hypothesis, the efficient‐structure hypothesis and the relative market‐power hypothesis. Further, we test whether Austrian banking markets are, on average, contestable. A newly compiled dataset covering more than 700 Austrian banks ranging over the period from 1995 to 2002 is used to carry out these econometric analyses. The empirical findings support the view that the Austrian banks do exert, on average, some local market power. However, the gains in terms of excess profits are rather minor as a result of low deterrence powers of the incumbent banks.     

电力消费与中国经济增长——基于中国30省市面板数据的协整检验

利用2001~2006年我国除西藏以外的30个省市的数据,通过面板单位根及协整检验,考察了电力消费与我国经济增长之间的关系。结果表明,电力消费对我国经济增长具有显著的促进作用,但在不同区域以及不同年份,其促进作用存在一定的差异,其中,东部省市电力消费对经济增长的促进作用明显大于中、西部地区;这一期间,电力消费对我国经济增长的促进作用是逐年增强的。     

GMM estimation of a maximum entropy distribution with interval data

We develop a generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator for the distribution of a variable where summary statistics are available only for intervals of the random variable. Without individual data, one cannot calculate the weighting matrix for the GMM estimator. Instead, we propose a simulated weighting matrix based on a first-step consistent estimate. When the functional form of the underlying distribution is unknown, we estimate it using a simple yet flexible maximum entropy density. Our Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed maximum entropy density is able to approximate various distributions extremely well. The two-step GMM estimator with a simulated weighting matrix improves the efficiency of the one-step GMM considerably. We use this method to estimate the U.S. income distribution and compare these results with those based on the underlying raw income data.